Enron Case Study - 4789 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report will analyse the groupthink’s concerns in the collapse of Enron. The collapse of Enron is less than three months, which Enron from a very prosperous company to a bankrupt enterprise. The collapse of Enron is one of the most grievous business failures in United States. This disastrous business failure had causes a large number of employees lost their jobs and retirement savings. Groupthink leads groups to make faulty judgments. Groupthink occurs when a group make wrong decisions as the pressures of group lead to deterioration of â€Å"mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment†. There are several symptoms of groupthink. The issues to be resolved for Enron are collective rationalization, stereotypes†¦show more content†¦The dramatic transformation of the Enron collapse is one of the striking features, which is in less than three months, Enron from a very prosperous company to a bankrupt enterprise. Janis (1972) claimed that group members unconsciously create the illusions of superiority to share and hinder the reality testing and critical reflection is caused by groupthink. Thus, groupthink leads groups to make faulty judgments. 1.1 Purpose of the report The purpose of this report is to analyse the groupthink’s concerns in the collapse of Enron. The faulty decision that made by Enron directors, which will cause the collapse of Enron. In this report, these writers also have to analyse the symptoms, causes and solutions of the Enron collapse. 1.2 Company Background Kenneth Lay is the founder of Enron. Enron founded in 1968 at Omaha, Nebraska.Show MoreRelatedENRON Case Study1572 Words   |  7 Pages1. The Enron debacle created what one public official reported was a â€Å"crisis of confidence† on the part of the public in the accounting profession. List the parties who you believe are most responsible for that crisis. Briefly justify each of your choices. Following parties are believed to be the most responsible for the crisis. With any big organization going so bad, the blame starts with the top level executives, there was no different in this case. For Enron the blame started with Enron’sRead MoreEnron Case Study2596 Words   |  11 PagesEnron a Case Study Enron, once known as the worldwide leader in energy trading, began as a natural gas pipeline company. â€Å"At its peak, Enron brokered up to 20 percent of America’s energy transactions. These included basic contracts to deliver natural gas from wells to pipelines for distribution to homes, contracts for the purchase of electrical power facility out port, and more complex financial contracts, which allowed power companies to manage price and market risk† (Ackman)Read MoreEnron Case Study5921 Words   |  24 PagesEnron Case Study [pic] Part A: Problem Focused Analysis and Recommendations. 1. Brief Case Background. List key events, use timeline. Case Background At one time Enron was one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas, oil, and electricity. It also appeared to be one of the most profitable companies, taking shareholders from $19.10 in 1999 to $90.80 by the end of 2000. Enron’s top management answered to a Board of Directors whose responsibility was to question and challenge new partnershipsRead MoreEnron case study1195 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Q 1: Evaluate Enron profit and cash flow performance during the period 1998 – 2000? Profitability Measures Enron’s reported net income grew from $703 million in 1998 to $979 million in 2000, totaling 35.1% profit growth for the three-year period. Enron was among the leading of â€Å"high performing† companies by sustaining a high earnings growth insight. However, as Table 1 indicates, Enron’s reported profits were microscopic relation to revenues. Net income did not grow at anything near the sameRead MoreEnron Case Study Analysis1699 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Strategy Enron Case Study 09/08/12 Enron Case Study: From Company to Conspiracy 1. What is the History of Enron, and what current situation does it find itself in? Enron was created by a combination of companies. These companies were Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. These companies were merged together in July 1985. CEO of Houston Natural Gas, Kenneth Lay became chairman and CEO of the combined company. This happened in February 1986. The company changed its name to Enron on April 10thRead MoreEnron Case Study Summary976 Words   |  4 PagesEnron Case Study The case of Enron is a fascinating one. United States is a country where auditing and accounting principles are so strong. How can something take place on such high level in the United States? The Enron case demonstrates the need to reform the accounting and corporate governance practices in the United States. Moreover, the Enron case made government officials to pay close attention to deregulated energy market. Some of the aspects that struck me are discussed below. One of theRead MoreEnron Case Study1472 Words   |  6 PagesQ 1: Evaluate Enron profit and cash flow performance during the period 1998 – 2000? Profitability Measures Enron’s reported net income grew from $703 million in 1998 to $979 million in 2000, totaling 35.1% profit growth for the three-year period. Enron was among the leading of â€Å"high performing† companies by sustaining a high earnings growth insight. However, as Table 1 indicates, Enron’s reported profits were microscopic relation to revenues. Net income did not grow at anything near the sameRead MoreEnron Tyco Case Studies2163 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: CASE STUDIES: ENRON’S FALL AND TYCO INTERNATIONAL’S LEADERSHIP CRISIS Case Studies: Enron’s Fall and Tyco International’s Leadership Crisis Grand Canyon University BUS 604 November 4, 2009 Case Study: Enron’s Fall and Tyco International’s Leadership Crisis The tight Federal regulations now governing businesses and their accounting practices came about because one corporation, Enron, took risks their company could not withstand without taking some rather extreme measures inRead MoreEnron and Worldcom Case Study1225 Words   |  5 PagesEnron and WorldCom Case Study This report is based on the demise of Enron Corporation and WorldCom. Both the firms are demised due to the ethical lapses. These ethical lapses come into existence when managements of the firm, uses unethical practices to accomplish the goals of the firm. Maintaining financial and accounting standards in the business practices are necessary. The profession of accounting has become a mockery due to the accounting scandals that took place all over the world in theRead MoreCase Study: Accounting for Enron4415 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ Case Study 9 Kim Chau California Southern University MKT 86519 Dec 19, 2014 N. Papazian Accounting for Enron Introduction In the case of Accounting for Enron, the case concerned one of the largest corporate bankruptcies in the US history at the turn of the 21st century. It was Enron Corporation, a one time seventh largest most successful US company, sixth largest energy company in the world, valued at over $70 Billion; they filed for chapter 11 on December 2, 2001. Just the year before

Essay on Mediations of First Philosophy by Descartes

Mediations of First Philosophy by Descartes In the â€Å"Mediations of First Philosophy† Descartes tries to prove the existence of God in the third meditation. He does this by coming up with several premises that eventually add up to a solid argument. First, I will explain why Descartes ask the question, does god exist? And why does Descartes think he needs such and argument at this point in the text. Secondly, I will explain, in detail, the arguments that Descartes makes and how he comes to the conclusion that God does exist. Next, I will debate some of Descartes premises that make his argument an unsound one, including circular reasoning. Finally, I will see if his unsound argument has diminished and undermined his principal goals and the†¦show more content†¦Descartes gives an example of a stone, stating that the stone can’t be made by anything that doesn’t contain everything found in a stone. Basically the premise is based on a more general one that, it is not possible for something to come fr om nothing. Descartes then applies the Causal Adequacy Principal to ideas. Descartes claims that just in the case of how objects must contain at least as much reality as what created it ,then the cause of an idea must contain at least as much reality as the idea itself. So if an idea I represents some object O as having property P then the cause of I must have as much F as O is represented as having. Descartes puts these premises together and arrives at the fact that God exists in the following way. Since my idea of God represents God has being infinite and perfect whatever causes this idea must be infinite and perfect as well. Descartes then realizes that he cannot be the cause of his idea, of God, because he is not perfect or infinite. The definition of God as being â€Å"the perfect being† shows that the only thing that can cause this idea of the perfect being is God himself. Therefore a being that is perfect and infinite exists. Since an infinite perfect being exist God m ust exist. Descartes has arrived at a conclusion and has proved his argument. There were a few smaller argument that Descartes offers throughout the third meditation. One of them suggest that it is not possible to exist without the existenceShow MoreRelatedMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesPrà ©ciso of Meditations on First Philosophy Through his series of books, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes enlightens his philosophical ideas about knowledge in which we should discard all belief we aren’t absolute certain about and establishes what we know for sure. In the introduction he clarifying the main ideas of each of the 6 books and using to them build up to his belief. Starting with the First Meditations, he discusses about doubt. He believed that there are no real foundationsRead MoreEmerson’s Unifying Philosophy Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pageshave earnestly pursued knowledge and the attainment of truth. Historical figures such as Plato, Descartes, and Emerson sought answers to daunting questions of: ‘What is truth?’; ‘What is reality?’; ‘How is wisdom acquired?’ Many scholars believe these philosophers presented conflicting viewpoints: Plato encouraging skepticism among all previous historical, cultural, and personal perspectives; Descartes questioning definitions of reality and his very existence; Emerson encouraging self-trust and confidenceRead MoreSummary Of Descartes On The Mind-Body Distinction751 Words   |  4 Pages1 Zhiyuan Li Philosophy 3230 Short Paper Assignment Descartes on the Mind-Body Distinction In the Sixth Mediation, Descartes advances a compact argument for the idea that the mind and the body are distinct (2006, AT 78). In this essay, I’m going to present what I take Descartes’ argument to be, and very briefly evaluate it afterwards. Descartes starts with the thought the we can understand, at least, something, and we can understand something in a specific manner: clearly and distinctly; we can’tRead MoreInnate Ideas Essay653 Words   |  3 Pageswritten and discussed many topics in philosophy. Sometimes, these philosophers agree on ideas or sometimes they make their own assumptions. There are two philosophers who had different ideas concerning where innate ideas come from and how we get these types of ideas. Rene Descartes and John Locke were these two philosophers with the opposing argument on innate ideas. The place where Descartes discusses his views were in the Meditations on First Philosophy and Lockes argument is located in AnRead MoreMeditations on First Philosophy Essay examples1290 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Cogito ergo sum;† I think therefore I am. This philosophical statement stimulated a renaissance in the field of philosophy, creating modern Western philosophy as is known today. Th is important notion was dictated by Rene Descartes in his 1641 metaphysics work, Mediations on First Philosophy, and influenced all modern philosophical works written after Descartes revolutionary achievement. This work was written at a time when modern physics was being developed as a mathematization of nature. The principlesRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes869 Words   |  4 PagesRene Descartes is known as the philosopher of the modern period which starts around the time 1600’s. He is also known as the â€Å"Father of Modern Philosophy†, whereas he is also considered one of the critics of the philosophy of Aristotle. In his mediation of philosophy he has discussed different ideas about the human existence. In the mediations, he has questioned an individual’s idea of perceptions, where he develops the idea of skepticism. Unlike Aristotle, he believes that mind is the first realityRead MoreComparing Plato And Descartes The Matrix, The Allegory Of The Cave88 9 Words   |  4 PagesThe short stories, written by both authors Plato and Descartes; The Matrix, The Allegory of the Cave, and Meditations on First Philosophy, focuses on what individuals believe to be reality or not within the world. The stories bring on questions of what is in fact illusion. Overall, the stories provide a guide to the truth. According to Wachowski, A, Wachowski, L (1999) in the Matrix, Mr. Anderson questions everything in the world as he knows it. He wonders if what he is involved in a computer programRead MoreDescartes Six Meditations on First Philosophy Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the six meditations on First Philosophy, French philosopher Rene Descartes seeks to find a concrete foundation for the basis of science, one which he states can only include certain and unquestionable beliefs. Anything less concrete, he argues will be exposed to the external world and to opposition by philosophical sceptics. The sense of the Cartesian reform is the imposition of a new method of thinking. Descartes’ method to begin with is reductive, removing all knowledge acquired withoutRead MoreDescartes on the Distinction Between Body and Mind1181 Words   |  5 PagesName Tutor Course Date Descartes Premise for Distinguishing Body and Mind In the Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes discusses the nature of the body and mind. By drawing from three lines of thought, Descartes launches a powerful premise that the body is something distinct from the mind. He conceptualizes his argument by using the uncertainty of knowledge argument, appealing to God’s omnipotence, and describing the indivisibility of the body and mind. Therefore, the purpose of this paperRead MoreDescartes Essay example757 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes Is our education complete once a degree has been earned? Have we learned all there is to know? Can we be sure of what we have come to know? Only a completely self-assured person might answer yes to these questions, but for Rene Descartes (1596-1650) the completion of his formal education left him feeling and thinking he was still ignorant about the certainties of human experience and existence. This prominent Renaissance philosopher conquered the world of uncertainty in a work

The Handmaid’s Tale free essay sample

Like many totalitarian states, the Republic of Gilead starts out as an envisioned utopia by a select few: a remade world where lower-class women are given the opportunity interact with upper-class couples in order to provide them with children, and the human race can feel confident about producing future generations with the potential to see past divisions of classes. Yet the vast majority of the characters we meet are oppressed by this world, and its strict attention to violence, death, and conformity highlight the ways in which it is a far from perfect place. Atwood is tapping into a national fear of the American psyche and playing with the idea of American culture being turned backwards and no longer standing as the dominant culture. Atwood engages the reader by recreating events that have previously happened making the ‘dystopian’ world more relatable and, therefore, more frightening. Two of the most important themes of The Handmaids Tale are the presence and manipulation of power and freedom. The ideas of power, freedom and confinement are closely entwined and constantly on Offred’s mind. It is often the case, however, that these can be muddled with what is free and what is bound. Auntie Lydia thinks ‘there is more than one kind of freedom†¦ Freedom to and freedom from. In the days of anarchy it was freedom to. Now you are being given freedom from. Don’t underrate it. ’ This suggests the belief that; despite all that the women have lost, Aunt Lydia and Gilead argue, they are free now. They have freedom from things like sexist catcalls and potential abuse from strangers. They would argue that the women of Gilead should be grateful for such freedom rather than mourning the other freedoms theyve lost. On the one hand, Gilead is a theocratic dictatorship, so power is imposed entirely from the top. There is no possibility of appeal, no method of legally protecting oneself from the government, and no hope that an outside power will intervene which suggests that the people of Gilead are not free at all and have no power to break away from the regime. The confusion between boundlessness and restraint continues as Offred reminisces of Moira – Offred’s symbol of freedom: ‘Moira had power now, shed been set loose, shed set herself loose. She was now a loose woman. I think we found this frightening. Moira was like an elevator with open sides. She made us dizzy. Already we were losing the taste for freedom, already we were finding these walls secure. ’ The repetitions of â€Å"loose† shows the prominent idea of freedom – what all people would surely desire but the regime has made them frightened of this. The pattern of three gives the impression that she is now so loose that there is nothing to hold her together and she will not survive in the world she has escaped to. This shows how successful the Center is at brainwashing women and teaching them to believe in this new regime. So while once Moira would have been seen as a motivating force – a fantasy of an escape made good – the women in the Center are already retreating from their old notions of freedom and rights. With no freedom to think, the manipulated women question whether they even need any power. It soon becomes clear, however, that Offred is frivolously trying to hold on to the few memories she has left – as she feels these giver her power. Offred tries to still recognize the fact that this regime is wrong and she desperately tries to hold onto the idea of wanting to escape. She constantly reminds herself that she ‘intend(s) to last’, but she is morally and literally becoming ‘undone’. In this society memory is resistance in a less active manner. Her memories are a place she can escape to so we question whether that is enough freedom or not. To the present day reader the idea of only being free in your memories is far too restricting – reinforcing the dystopian narrative. As Offred’s relationship with the commander develops we see and emergence of the idea that even in a powerless regime women can exploit their sexual power and we become familiar with the idea of ‘fallen women’. Offred is in her room and filled with nostalgia for the outmoded habit of falling in love; ‘Falling in love, I said. Falling into it’ which is then mirrored; ‘Falling in love, we said; I fell for him’. The underlying biblical reference to ‘The Fall’ when Adam ate the apple from the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden is very prominent. We are forced to consider the idea of the fall from innocence, which is presented as a paradox in this dystopian world as the women are not, by the terms of the bible, innocent. However it is also a reflection of the Gilead society because biblically ‘The Fall’ was Eve’s betrayal of Adam and the women who have been deemed â€Å"fallen† were unable to become pregnant – the ultimate betrayal of this society. The whole idea of â€Å"falling† is hugely passive and gives the impression of a very powerless action. For women in present day society I believe it would be the ultimate torment to be catapulted back in societal thinking where woman were far less than equal as it has previously been. The repetition of biblical references strongly draws in the theme of religion. The Handmaids Tale is a warning about what might happen if extreme religious ideology is followed as a solution to societal problems. It suggests that allowing religious fundamentalists to run a government is a recipe for injustice, cruelty and oppression. By using the novel to specifically target fundamentalist Protestants in America, sometimes known as the Christian right because of their conservative views on social issues such as abortion, womens rights and gay rights, we know that religion is a pressing issue not only in the predicted future, but in today’s society religion is an element of life that many people hold close allowing Atwood to engage the reader in the idea that this nightmarish world could become a reality. The Handmaids Tale was written during the presidency of Ronald Regan, from 1981 to 1989 – during which political and religious conservatism was on the rise. The novel takes some of the positions advocated by religious conservative and exaggerates them. For example, it is no secret that many conservatives, both then and now, wish to re-criminalize abortion. This is mirrored in the novel as the doctors who performed abortions are hanged at the Wall. Conservatives also tend to oppose gay rights; in the novel gays are hanged for ‘gender treachery’. The novel is infused with frequent allusions to different parts of the Bible. The most obvious is the reference to Genesis 30:1-3, ‘Give me children or else I die. The Ceremony, the ritual in which a Handmaid must lie face-up on her Commanders wife and grasp the wifes hands while the Commander has sex with her, and the Birthing Ceremony, where the wife feigns labor while the Handmaid gives birth, are direct references to the Genesis story of Rachel and Jacob. Also, we learn through Offred that the actual name of the Red Center, where Handmaids are trained, is the Rachel and Leah Center. The direct quote from the bible is a method Atwood uses to unnerve the reader as it makes the Gilead dystopia more realistic. On the most obvious and superficial level, the Bible plays an important role in the naming of objects and people in the Republic of Gilead. The men, according to their role in society, are called ‘Commanders of the Faithful’ and ‘Guardians of the Faith’ are the members of the police force. ‘Angels’ or ‘Eyes of the Lord’ are the soldiers of the army, and they have names like ‘Angels of the Apocalypse’ or ‘Angels of Light’. Whereas the word â€Å"angel† suggests something innocent or holy, the â€Å"Angels† in Gilead fight in wars. The names seem to suggest that it is a religious war they fight. The ‘Eyes’ are the secret police that are supposed to spy on the people in Gilead. The most important name, namely that of the state itself, is an allusion to the Bible as well. In the Old Testament, Gilead is a very fertile and therefore very desirable region in ancient Palestine. Ironically, the Republic of Gilead in Atwoods novel is exactly the opposite of fertile and desirable, which shows how the state tries to appear clean and pure, although it is not. It is a wasteland that has been devastated by pollution and war and whose citizens are oppressed. Significantly enough, the regime only uses statements from the Bible that present the beauty and godliness of Gilead and leaves out passages that imply negative things about the biblical model. One example for the choosing of biblical passages for the purposes of the regime is a passage in Hosea that Gilead chose not to use: â€Å"Gilead is a city of wicked men, stained with footprints of blood† Throughout the novel, Atwood shows how Offred desperately desires the knowledge and language she is being denied by the Gilead regime. Right from the opening pages of the novel it is evident that Offred’s desire for language to help her communicate and keep her identity is strong. The dislocated opening emphasises the confusion and fear that characterize any totalitarian state. For instance, in the opening chapter of the novel, Offred and the other Handmaid’s learnt each other’s real names by passing messages from bed to bed when denied the opportunity to otherwise do so. Offred describes how â€Å"We learnt to lip read watching each others’ mouths†. This highlights just how important names are in constructing our identities. The women in the centre feel it important enough to know each others’ names to risk being disciplined to do so. This shows hints of the bible again, as innocence and knowledge are being challenged against each other. They can’t ‘unknow’ what they have learned. Offred frequently creates similar neologisms, for example: ‘Salvagings Prayvaganzas Birthmobile†¦ Unwomen†¦ Unbaby’ which suggest the exaggeration of the regime that in today’s society there aren’t even words to describe some events. In a society where literacy is forbidden her, Offred frequently contemplates words and their meanings. Instead of illicit sex, the commander engages her in illicit games of Scrabble. Scrabble doesn’t fully rule out the sexual tension between Offred and the Commander as the words she chooses to spell all have sexual connotations or make some kind of physical reference; ‘Larynx’; ‘Valance’; ‘Quince’; ‘Zygote’; ‘Limp’; and ‘Gorge’. These choices of words gives the impression that the whole regime is dominated by sex and reproduction – a fearful idea for the people of today’s society who have worked so hard to bring humanity to where it is today. Harriet F. Bergmann argues that the novel presents its reader with an exercise in learning how to read for survival as in order to stay alive, Offred learns to use the new language of her own time so as to seem part of the new order that the language reflects. Nighttime is where Offred feels at her safest. This irony is significant because human nature teaches us not to trust the night, as the moon is never constant. The continuous changing of the moon symbolizes Offred’s memories becoming more of a blur. Sleep; or no sleep’ the night offers freedom of a kind because Offred is more or less alone. Inside her head she can dream herself into better times: ‘the night is my time out. Where should I go? †¦ Somewhere good. ’ At other times, she lies awake grappling to make sense of the horrendous changes in her situation. Atwood repreats references to the night because Offred sees her dreams as an escape and is never once concerned about whether of not sheâ⠂¬â„¢ll have a bad dream – as she could not dream of anything worse than the situation she’s in. To conclude, in Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaids Tale the nightmarish scenes are created with a striking reality and continuously mirrored with present day life to create a dystopian narrative. At first, the situation in which the people of Gilead live seems completely futuristic and improbable but Atwood’s endless parallelisms to events which have already occurred gives reason to believe that history could repeat itself, as it has relentlessly done so in the past.

The Internal Control Weaknesses At Enron Accounting Essay Example For Students

The Internal Control Weaknesses At Enron Accounting Essay The events were eventually ensuing the filing for bankruptcy in December 2001, started manner much before fraud at Enron could be even suspected.A Andersen played a major function in the prostration of Enron.A Andersen failed two times sing audit issues merely a few old ages short clip before the prostration of Enron, at Waste Management in 1996 and at Sunbeam in 1997. The two audit failures mentioned supra should hold been immense warning marks for Andersen to protect itself against another client failure but what they had to confront sing Enron was worse than they of all time had.A Some internal memos at Andersen made it clear that several struggles existed between the hearers and the audit commission of Enron.A These memos contained several electronic mails as good which expressed concerns about accounting patterns used by Enron.A David B. Duncan as the taking spouse on the audit tipped over these concerns. Harmonizing to McNamee ( 2001 ) there is cogent evidence that Duncan s squ ad wrote memos fraudulently saying that the professional criterions group approved of the accounting patterns of Enron that hid debts and pumped up net incomes. Andersen s independency is besides extremely questionable due to the relationship between audit and non-audit fees. Harmonizing to McLean ( 2001 ) the individual who foremost spotted in 2001 that there was nt even any opportunity for Enron to do net income was Jim Chanos, the caput of Kynikos Associates. He said that that parent company had technically become nil more than a hedging entity for all of its subordinates and affiliates.A In 2001 the runing border of Enron went down significantly to 2 % from the old twelvemonth s figure of 5 % which is more than interesting because this sort of a lessening in one twelvemonth is unheard of in the public-service corporations industry. Chanos besides pointed out that Enron was still sharply selling stocks, despite there was barely any capital to endorse up the portions they were sel ling. We will write a custom essay on The Internal Control Weaknesses At Enron Accounting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To be professional and effectual, hearers must be independent of direction and measure the fiscal representations of direction for all users of fiscal statements. Less than 30 % of the fees that Andersen received from Enron came from scrutinizing, with the balance of fees coming from confer withing. Andersen acted as Enron s external hearer and as its internal hearer. Andersen s work as a adviser raises several inquiries. It appears that Andersen s audit squad, when faced with accounting issues, chose to disregard them, acquiesced in silence to unsound accounting, or embraced accounting strategies as an advocator for its client. Internal Control Weaknesses at Enron Hearers assess the internal controls of a client to find the extent to which they can trust on a client s accounting system. Enron had excessively many internal control weaknesses to be given here. Two serious failings were that the CFO was exempted from a struggles of involvement policy, and internal controls over SPEs were a fake, bing in signifier but non in substance. Many fiscal functionaries lacked the background for their occupations, and assets, notably foreign assets, were non physically secured. The trailing of day-to-day hard currency was slack, debt adulthoods were non scheduled, away balance sheet debt was ignored although the duty remained, and company-wide hazard was disregarded. Internal controls were unequal ; contingent liabilities were non disclosed ; and, Andersen ignored all of these failings. Evaluation of Accounting Materiality Hearers focus on stuff deceits. A deceit is material if cognition of the deceit would alter the determinations of the user of fiscal statements. When Enron began to repeat its fiscal statements and investors began to hold on its deceits, the response of the market is incontestable as to materiality. Many mistakes were known, but were dismissed by Andersen as immaterial. Other mistakes may non hold been known, but should hold been known if sensible enquiry would hold revealed them. Business Model, Experiences, and Organizational Culture At Enron and at Andersen, the concern theoretical account and the organisational civilization were altering. Enron was traveling to a new concern theoretical account dominated by intangible assets, the rights to purchase and sell trade goods. This alteration in assets was driven by a new organisational civilization which so sharply cultivated its ain growing. As hearers moved to go portion of a confer withing industry, their concern theoretical account and organisational civilization were altering excessively. It is likely that both the alterations at Enron and at Andersen were increasing hazards for investors. Enron s motion off from the laterality of fixed assets to the laterality of intangible assets was likely to increase volatility, and this chance was compounded by the usage of mark-to-market accounting. Besides, Andersen s motion off from the professionalisation of scrutinizing to the commercialisation of consulting was likely to weaken hearers as proctors of direction. Into t he mix of altering concern theoretical accounts and civilizations, add people who were non equipped for the alterations. The immature trading executives at Enron chased the trade for net incomes, while neglecting to hold on the hazards attached to the intangibles that were driving growing in net incomes. Likewise, immature hearers at Andersen embraced consulting, while neglecting to understand the hazard of audit failure. Many accounting houses and independent CPAs reacted to these events and implemented alterations in process voluntarily.A The biggest alteration that accounting houses made was a move made by the four staying members of the large five, KPMG, Ernst and Young, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and PricewaterhouseCoopers.A These four companies decided to interrupt all ties with Andersen in an effort to avoid being dragged down with the merchandising contention environing the Enron scandal.A This distancing was besides due to the major alterations mandated to Andersen as a manner to acquire back on their pess after the dirt broke, and the other houses were afraid that these alterations would be forced on them every bit good. The authorities reacted sharply when they became cognizant of the Enron dirt, and a bustle of statute law and proposals emanated from Congress and the SEC about how best to cover with this situation.A President Bush even announced one post-Enron plan.A This program was to do revelations in fiscal statements more enlightening and in the direction s missive of representation.A This program would besides include higher degrees of fiscal duty for CEOs and accountants.A Bush s end was to be tough, but non to set an undue load upon the honest comptrollers in the industry.A .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b , .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .postImageUrl , .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b , .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b:hover , .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b:visited , .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b:active { border:0!important; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b:active , .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud18d314aea7d89aae929026e3e22ad3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus EssayBy far the biggest alteration brought approximately is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.A The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires companies to revaluate their internal audit processs and do certain that everything is running up to or transcending the outlooks of the auditors.A It besides requires higher degree employees, like the CEO and CFO to hold an apprehension of the workings of the companies that they head and to confirm the fact that they do nt cognize of any fraud being committed by the company.A Sarbanes-Oxley besides brought with it new demands for disclosures.A These demands included coverage of minutess called reportable transactions.A These minutess ar e broken down into several classs, which impact every facet of a business.A One of these classs is listed transactions-which are by far the worst. They are minutess that are really written out in a list, each one pertaining to one specific state of affairs. Another is minutess with a book-to-tax difference of more than ten million dollars. A There are several others, nevertheless these two will hold the greatest effect.A Attach toing these demands are rigorous punishments if these minutess are non reported and discovered later.A This act will intend important extra work for comptrollers over the following several years.A A For many old ages the SEC Chairman, so Arthur Levitt Jr. , had been naming for the separation of scrutinizing and confer withing services within one company.A However large houses like Andersen would use their proverbial weight to try to demo that confer withing did non interfere with an hearer s independence.A Since the major concern of Andersen s function in the contention Centres on their independency, and because of the big pecuniary consulting fees being paid to them by Enron, the push has been started afresh by Paul Volcker the former Federal Reserve Chairman.A Realistically, few think that the large houses will be able to deter the SEC from really implementing such a rule.A A A Many companies who use hearers believe that this is non the reply, because of the fact that it will do them to engage one house to make scrutinizing work, and another to make non-audit work like revenue enhancements and other filings. In an effort to non acquire damaged by any at hand authorities acti on, many business-including Disney and Apple Computer Inc. have already begun dividing their audit and non-audit work between different firms.A Outline1 Effectss on other Commercial Administrations2 WorldCom3 Adelphia4 Xerox5 AOL Time Warner6 Referencing Effectss on other Commercial Administrations WorldCom After the perplexing complexness of Enron s SPEs and prepays, Worldcom s fraud is simplicity itself. During the 1990s, WorldCom became a planetary telecommunication giant by geting companies such as MCI and constructing a big telecommunications web. In add-on, WorldCom entered into long-run, fixed-rate line rentals to link its web with the webs of incumbent local exchange bearers. Faced with the telecom downswing and intense force per unit areas on net incomes, WorldCom undertook a series of steps to blow up earnings37. The largest and simplest of these related to line costs. WorldCom merely recharacterized its ample line costs as Prepaid Capacity and transferred them from the Company s income statements to its balance sheets. The consequence was that over $ 3.8 billion of line costs that should hold been shown as disbursal were capitalized as assets. WorldCom s income was overstated by the same sum. There were no SPEs and no complex accounting fast ones. There was merely a journal entry passed under the waies of the Chief Financial Officer, Scott Sullivan, that reclassified disbursals as assets without any back uping certification whatsoever. When this was eventually discovered by the internal audit section, Sullivan offered an every bit audacious explanation38 which is deserving citing at length: At the clip of the cost recess, direction had determined that future economic benefit would be derived from these contractual committednesss as the grosss from these service offerings reached jutting degrees. At that clip, direction to the full believed that the jutting gross additions would more than countervail the future rental committednesss and deferred costs under the understandings. Therefore, the cost recesss for the unutilized part of the contract was considered to be an appropriate stock list of this capacity and would finally be to the full amortized prior to the expiration of the contractual committedness. ( FASB CON No. 6, par. 26 ) . Adelphia In a series of disclosures40 between March 2002 and June 2002, Adelphia Communications Corporation announced that it had concealed $ 2.6 billion of its liability. At the clip, Adelphia was the 6th largest overseas telegram telecasting operator in the United States. The Rigas household that owned a commanding interest in Adelphia besides owned several other companies ( Rigas entities ) that were besides in the overseas telegram telivision concern. The Rigas entities were managed by Adelphia. Furthermore, Adelphia subordinates and the Rigas entities borrowed money under a co-borrowing understanding with that made all parties jointly and independently apt for the adoption regardless of who had drawn down the money. This meant that the debt had to be shown as a debt of the Adelphia subordinates ( and hence as portion of Adelphia s amalgamate debt ) and non as a contingent liability. The undermentioned footer in Adelphia s December 31, 2000 balance sheet would hold led everybody to believe that this liability was included in the amalgamate debt: In fact, nevertheless, this sum was non included in Adelphia s amalgamate debt. The footer was therefore calculated to hide this debt wholly. At least, if the note had disclosed a contingent liability, readers would hold known that that this debt was in add-on to the debt on the balance sheet. Of class, even that would hold been inaccurate from an accounting point of position as the co-borrowing needed to be disclosed as debt and non as a contingent liability. The SEC stated: The skip of these liabilities was a calculated strategy to under-report Adelphia s overall debt, portray Adelphia as de-leveraging, and hide Adelphia s inability to follow with debt ratios in loan compacts. In March 2002, while showing the consequences for the last one-fourth of 2001, Adelphia for the first clip disclosed the being of $ 2.3 billion of concealed debt handling it as a contingent liability: .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 , .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .postImageUrl , .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 , .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46:hover , .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46:visited , .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46:active { border:0!important; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46:active , .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46 .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u097efcf946af3e2006e85226b11f9e46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creating Slave Laws EssaySubsequent revelation made it really clear that the sum of $ 2.3 billion was non merely a contingent liability but was really much a portion of Adelphia s debt. It turned out that there was non in fact any clear limit between the drawdowns by Adelphia and the Rigas Entities. The allotment of the co-borrowing between them was an arbitrary reclassification carried out every one-fourth while fixing the fiscal statements. The SEC stated: Adelphia direction allocated and reallocated co-borrowing liabilities among Adelphia s amalgamate subordinates and unconsolidated Rigas Entities at will and through a individual, quarterly hard currency direction rapp rochement of the inter-company receivables and payables outstanding at one-fourth terminal between or among Adelphia s subordinates and Rigas Entities In fact, Adelphia operated a Cash Management System ( CMS ) into which Adelphia, its subordinates and the Rigas Entities deposited their hard currency grosss ( generated from operations or obtained from adoptions ) and from which they withdrew hard currency for disbursals, capital outgo and debt refund. This resulted in the commingling of financess between Adelphia and the Rigas Entities. Adelphia s fraud was non restricted to privacy of debt. Between mid-1999 and the last one-fourth of 2001, Adelphia misrepresented its public presentation in three countries that are of import in the prosodies fiscal analysts use to measure overseas telegram companies: ( a ) the figure of its basic overseas telegram endorsers, ( B ) the per centum of its overseas telegram works rebuild, or upgrade, and ( degree Celsius ) its net incomes, including its net income and quarterly EBITDA . Most of this was accomplished by straight-out disproof or by fabricated minutess with the Rigas Entities through the CMS. Xerox Xerox restated its income for the old ages from 1997 to 2002 partially to reflect wrong accounting patterns associating to the timing and allotment of gross from bundled rentals. Xerox sells most of its merchandises and services under bundled contracts that contain multiple constituents equipment, service, and funding constituents for which the client pays a individual monthly-negotiated monetary value every bit good as a variable service constituent for page volumes in surplus of stated lower limits. The SEC claimed that Xerox s revenue-allocation methodological analysis for these contracts did non follow with the accounting criterions and forced Xerox to alter its methodological analysis. Under the original methodological analysis, Xerox estimated the just value of the funding constituent ( utilizing a discounted hard currency flow method based on the company s cost of equity and debt ) and of the service constituent ( by utilizing an estimation of service gross borders ) and att ributed the balance to equipment. In the new methodological analysis, the just value of the service constituent and the just value of the equipment ( utilizing hard currency sale monetary values ) are deducted from the entire lease payment to get at the funding constituent as a reconciliation figure and the inexplicit funding rate is determined. Interestingly, the company s old hearer, KPMG regards the original accounting as right and regards the new accounting adopted by the company and its new hearers, PricewaterhouseCoopers under force per unit area from the SEC as incorrect. KPMG stated that: KPMG remains house in its strong belief that the fiscal statements reported on by us in May 2001, including Xerox s fiscal statements for 2000 and the restated fiscal statements for 1997-1999, were reasonably presented in conformity with by and large accepted accounting rules. KPMG, Xerox and PricewaterhouseCoopers had it right the first clip, when the company and three separate squads from PwC all agreed with us that Xerox s rental accounting methodological analysis was GAAP compliant. By contrast, today s intelligence studies lead us to believe that the restated fiscal statements withstand economic world. They seemingly give Xerox the benefit of acknowledging grosss in 2002 and in future old ages that it had already recognized in anterior old ages. AOL Time Warner AOL Time Warner Inc. admitted50 in October 2002 that it had improperly inflated gross by $ 190 million and profitableness ( EBITDA ) by $ 97 million by improperly accounting for some on-line ad gross revenues and other trades between July 2000 and June 2002. While AOL Time Warner did non place the minutess involved, it is likely that these were the 1s that the Washington Post had highlighted in two articles52 in July 2002. The Post had alleged that America Online ( AOL ) resorted to questionable accounting patterns in an effort to shore up advertisement gross at a clip when it was in the procedure of geting Time Warner in a stock barter trade. From late 2000 onwards, stock markets were highly worried about the sustainability of advertisement gross for cyberspace companies. A failing in advertisement grosss could conceivably hold led to a crisp autumn in the AOL stock monetary value that could hold endangered the amalgamation with Time Warner. The Washington Post alleged: AOL convert ed legal differences into ad trades. It negotiated a displacement in gross from one division to another, bolstering its online concern. It sold ads on behalf of on-line auction giant eBay Inc. , booking the sale of eBay s ads as AOL s ain gross. AOL bartered ads for computing machine equipment in a trade with Sun Microsystems Inc. AOL counted stock rights as ad and commercialism gross in a trade with a Las Vegas house called PurchasePro.com Inc . AOL s accounting is under probe by the SEC and by the Justice Department. While the restatements are little comparative to AOL s entire grosss and net incomes, it could hold had a disproportional impact on the portion monetary value at a critical point of clip when it was clinching the amalgamation trade with Time Warner. Referencing Enron and Andersen-What Went Wrong and Why Similar Audited account Failures Could Happen Again by Matthew J. Barrett Governance, Supervision and Market Discipline: Lessons from Enron by Jayanth R. Varma, Journal of the Indian School of Political Economy published ( October-December 2002 ) , Volume 14 Number 4, 559-632 ) . Arthur Andersen and Enron: Positive Influence on the Accounting Industry byA Todd Stinson hypertext transfer protocol: //faculty.mckendree.edu/scholars/2004/stinson.htm McNamee, Mike and Harvy Pitt.A If You Violate the Law You Will Pay for it.A Business Week December 24, 2001: 33. McLean, Bethany.A Why Enron Went Bust.A Fortune December 24, 2001: 59

Once and Future King essays

Once and Future King essays In the novel The Once and Future King by T.H. White there is a boy nicknamed Wart. His real name is Arthur Pendragon, son of King Uther Pendragon. Merlyn had him raised by Sir Ector. Wart lived in Sir Ectors castle with Kay; Kay is two years older than the Wart and would one day become a knight. Wart would be Kays squire because he was not living with his proper family. The Wart was like a degraded son where, regardless of his talents, would never take Kays place in becoming a knight. Little did he know that something would be within his grasp in the future. Merlyn ends up as his tutor after eating with him, and Wart experiences many things that Kay never would. The Wart is transformed into many different creatures as part of his first rate education. He learns numerous things over the years of tutoring. As a fish, Wart is told there is only power, and only Might is Right, as spoken by the king of the moat. From this experience Wart learns that the water has its own danger s. It is like the movie Godzilla where size does matter. The bigger fish has power over the smaller fish. Regarding his species, kings have power over his peasants and servants. Most kings are like the pike and only believe and seek power. Some kings see their power as a tool to help their people and treat them fairly. After becoming a Merlin, the Wart learns that your feet are the most important. The other hawks he meets say this because any damage to a hawks foot is a damage to it life. Wart learns that the feet are very important to hawks as well as humans. Without any feet people cannot stand at all. They cannot walk up stairs, raise themselves up onto a horse, or defend their castle. They would stay in the castle and be taken care of for the rest of their lives. From his experience as an ant, Wart discovers that it is much like life as a human being. There is the queen and her ants of differe...

Is there price discrimination in the US Airline Industry essay

Is there price discrimination in the US Airline Industry essay Is there price discrimination in the US Airline Industry? essay Is there price discrimination in the US Airline Industry? essayPrice discrimination is a common practice used in the process of selling products and services; this is a strategy of pricing based on assigning different prices to customers basing on customer characteristics or group attributes. Price discrimination strategies relate to the customers willingness to pay. The purpose of this paper is to explore the existence of price discrimination in the U.S. airline industry, to consider the general market conditions that make price discrimination possible, to consider methods of price discrimination used by carriers in the U.S.,, to explore the causes of price dispersion and to assess the relationship between market structure and price discrimination.According to McAfee (2008), price discrimination takes place when three conditions are satisfied: consumer demand for a particular service or good is different, when the firm has market power in the sense that it can charge the price highe r than marginal costs are and when it is possible to avoid or prevent consumer arbitrage. Indeed, if consumer demand is uniform, consumer willingness to purchase goods will be equal so the reason for price discrimination will disappear. Furthermore, if the firm has no market power, it will be unable to charge higher prices and there will be no reasons for price discrimination as well. If customers are able to identify price differences and initiate arbitrage, those customers purchasing goods at lower prices will be able to resell to other customers and therefore there will likely be a single market price for the firm and a single (higher) market price for the end customers (McAfee, 2008).In reality, there exist various factors preventing arbitrage contracts, personalized services, high costs of transportation, legal regulations prohibiting resale, specific customer segment, limited availability of customers and lack of information (McAfee, 2008). In the case of airline industry, th ere are notable differences in customer demand (for example, business people are willing to pay more for urgent flights while retired individuals tend to choose cheaper flights), carriers have market power to charge above marginal costs and customers do not have possibilities for arbitrage because it is difficult to resell flight services (although there exist companies and agents reselling airline tickets). In general, the U.S. airline industry has the characteristics suitable for price discrimination and it is reasonable to expect that price discrimination is present in the airline industry.Steen and Sorgard (2002) explore the methods of price discrimination used in the U.S. airline industry. According to their research, it is possible to identify three key types of price discrimination used by carriers: versioning, frequent flyer programs and discounts to large consumers (Steen Sorgard, 2002). Versioning is the strategy of offering different air tickets with various options. For example, ticket versions with opportunities of rescheduling or canceling the flight are more expensive, while ticket versions with limits and restrictions are cheaper.Another form of price discrimination in the U.S. airline industry is achieved through discounts to large consumers. Large companies have contracts with carriers and the employees of these companies can get a discount on their tickets. One more option is the use of frequent flyers programs (loyalty programs) by airline companies (Steen Sorgard, 2002): members of such programs can accumulate bonus points for each flight and receive discounts or free flights using their bonuses. In addition, airline carriers might use price discrimination related to the time of purchase tickets purchased beforehand might be quite economic, while the tickets purchased several days before the flight are more expensive. In this case, customer willingness to pay is estimated by the effort that the customer puts into the purchase of tickets .Price variation might occur due to different reasons, the main of which are the sellers willingness to receive additional profit (price discrimination) and variance in costs. According to Borenstein and Rose (1994), there exists certain self-selective discrimination in airline industry because of product heterogeneity and the dependence of costs on flight parameters (day of week, time, number of stops, etc.). Two major sources of genuine cost variations are systematic peak-load pricing emerging from the uncertainties of demand for airline tickets and stochastic load pricing based on the existing demand (Borenstein Rose, 1994).Signs of price discrimination are the differences in responsiveness to competition for different types of fares offered by the same carrier; if price dispersion increases with concentration, it is a sign of monopoly-type price discrimination and if price dispersion decreases with concentration, it is a sign of competitive-type price discrimination (Borenstein Rose, 1994). Other factors stimulating price discrimination are variance of customer attributes, market density and market positions of carriers (size, market share, density of flights, etc.). Attributes of products affecting elasticity of demand also influence price discrimination.The findings of Borenstein and Rose (1994) linking the type of price discrimination to market structure are further confirmed by the findings of Stavins (2001). The analysis of price discrimination options and restrictions used for price discrimination such as discounts for advanced purchase and Saturday night stay-over requirements shows that lower airfares are associated with greater restrictions, but directions with higher market concentration for particular carriers are associated with lower discounts (Stavins, 2001). Therefore, there is notable price discrimination in the U.S. airline industry with three key price discrimination types versioning, discounts for large customers and loyalty programs, and the use of price discrimination is more intensive when market competitiveness increases.

Analysing Conflict Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysing Conflict - Coursework Example A rookie metallurgist, who had been responsible for monitoring furnace conditions during melting processes and oversee casting processes, was also assigned the task of manually operating the overhead crane to fill in the molds with the molten steel. A foundry, being a stressful work environment, often makes things delicate with no chance for error and apprentice engineers are often made to undertake all responsibilities of the technicians for them to get acquainted with the equipment and work process. Under such circumstances, the fresh metallurgist filed a complaint against the foundry manager for assigning him tasks he was overqualified for, feeling that the task was below him and further took it as a personal insult or at minimum, an obstruction to his career. This case became the center of contention in the workplace hindering work shifts causing a rift between the technical labor and the engineers. To avoid spreading this chaos to other departments, the company decided to deal w ith the case by giving the metallurgist a hearing with the top management. Most of the top managers being in favor of the current process turned down most of the suggestions by the metallurgist which resulted in legal threats and further complication of the case. The contention, shortly followed by a previous cooled down conflict between labors and the top management, that had put the fresh engineers on wrong side of technician workforce had now also put the top management, engineers and managers alike, on a third stance further complicating the situation. In this case, experienced employee engineers were requested to intervene, to prevent legal ramifications or work process hindering, as a process of informal mediation. Conflicts can generally be divided into three main categories: relationship conflict, process conflict and task conflict. A relationship conflict would mainly consist of issues like personal discrimination and interpersonal conflicts between employees or the involve d people, task conflicts on the other hand are less of hindrance to the work process itself in general and often results in positive discussions about task improvement and goals. Process conflicts are more negative and often invite combinations of other conflicts to increase complications since the main issue is about the work process and the way things are being handled at work or a project. Greenberg (2003) describes a process conflict to be a clash of views about how task accomplishment should proceed in terms of assigned duties and tasks, responsibilities and accountability. A successful mediator needs to gather some essential data about the conflict in order to be fully equipped for dealing with the situation. The first thing to do is to understand the nature of the conflict. The three basic types defined above are essential to be considered. Once the nature of the conflict is known, the mediator would determine the underlying needs of the involved parties. Irvine and Adam Gers ch (2002) suggest such data gathering to be one of the basic roles of the mediator. Statistical data gathering has been termed as a best practice for mediation in contentious issues for satisfaction of the conflicting parties. Further data gathering would involve the types of tasks the perceived aggrieved party was made to perform in regards to the example of the metallurgist. These tasks would then be

Film review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Film - Movie Review Example The setting of a young girl growing up and, understanding the ideals of the society in which she lives appeals greatly. In fact, the juxtaposition of Marji’s life with the reforms in Iran is ingenious. From the movie, one can get an insight into how the government affects the peoples’ individual life. The movie is very interesting to watch. The protagonist in the film is Marjane Satrapi. Marji’s role revolves around portraying how revolutions based on a common course could turn sour. Marji’s outspoken nature on the injustices under the newly formed Iranian government seeks to expose the Iranian people who live in oblivion. On the other hand, the minor characters are the Islamist fundamentalist and the communist groups. These minor characters shape the plot of the film and develop the major character, Marjane. The antagonizing stands taken by the two groups motivate Marji’s reaction to the political ideologies of Iran. The most noticeable technique in the film is the use of flashbacks. The use of flashback creates an educational purpose. This technique centers on Marji’s life and her interaction with the Islamist fundamentalist leading to the current situation she is in. Through flashback, the viewer can pick up the personalities of the characters as they develop. Another technique is the use of a story within a story. The two major stories are Marji’s life and the story of Iran’s revolution, intertwined to form a whole. Both stories complement each other. The film is based on Marjane Satrapi’s autobiography (2004), set during the same period as the Iranian revolution. Based on the book, the movie covers all the major themes effectively. The film utilizes all the techniques used in the book to relay its message. In fact, application of flashbacks directly comes from the

Group Work vs Alone Essay Example for Free

Group Work vs Alone Essay You could receive useful feedback from group members, and shorten the amount of time you might have originally spent on the project if you had worked alone. Contrary to popular belief, there most certainly is an I in team. It is the same I that appears three times in responsibility. ~Amber Harding When you work in group you will be able to assign each member job that will help the project because of their specialization in that area of expertise, like shy person wouldn’t want to be the presenter and a terrible writer wouldn’t want to have the job of writing down everything. Using each person’s skills and talent to the group’s advantage will make the work easier; everyone has different strengths and can contribute something positive to the group. When all the skills are combined it creates new approaches to solving a problem with better results than if you were to work alone. When working in a group its best to make sure everyone has a job to do so at the end you would know who the slackers were and it’s also important to know your job so at the end of the project there’s no mix up’s at the end causing the entire group to start the project over again. Team means Together Everyone Achieves More! ~Author Unknown When you work in a group you will be able to receive feedback on what you’re doing and help to make the project as a whole better. When you’re working in a group it’s easier to improve your ideas than when you work alone, because you’ll think the idea is really good until someone in your group helps you make the idea better.

Fate :: Fate Destiny Essays

Fate Webster defines fate as a â€Å" a power thought to control all events and impossible to resist† â€Å"a persons destiny.† This would imply that fate has an over whelming power over the mind. This thing called fate is able to control a person and that person has no ability to change it. Its been proven time and time again that the human mind can over come any obstacle. An asset to the mind is a persons will. With the combination of a person’s mind and their will to decide their own destiny this thing called fate can be over come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people say that a person’s fate is pre destined. That nothing they do in life is by accident and everything that you do has been decided by a higher power. If that were so than why would this being of higher intelligence waste his time on some that he planned out. He already knows how it going to turnout so why even blow centuries of time watching this boring play. I don’t know about you but I someone tells me the ending to the movie then why waste time waiting for what you already know is going to happen. Another popular opinion is that a persons will is stronger than that of any barrier put in his way. That this thing called fate is only an obstacle that can be over passed just by the implement of a person’s mind. This breed of people believes that nothing can control all events and that the mind can resist all temptations if properly trained. I myself have different theory. That yes there is a higher power that puts fate into play. He sits there and watches how his cine will play out. Unlike others I ask myself a question wouldn’t a being of higher power want a little drama a little break from the norm. I believe that he gave us a thing called free will. The ability to put into play our own set of events. If I was a director and I didn’t have to worry about time or money, I would like to see how my movie turned out if I wrote the beginning and let the actors decide the ending.

Fin 516 Quiz 1

1. | Question 😠 (TCO C) Blease Inc. has a capital budget of $625,000, and it wants to maintain a target capital structure of 60 percent  debt and 40 percent  equity. The company forecasts a net income of $475,000. If it follows the residual dividend policy, what is its forecasted dividend payout ratio? (a) 40. 61% (b) 42. 75% (c) 45. 00% (d) 47. 37% (e) 49. 74% | | | Student Answer:|   | (d) 47. 37 Equity required (Residual income) = $625,000*40% = $250,000 Dividend paid = $475,000 – $250,000 = $225,000 Dividend payout ratio = 225000/475000 = 47. 37% |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: dText: pp. 570-572 – Residual Dividends, Chapter 14 Capital budget $625,000 Equity ratio 40% Net income (NI) $475,000 Dividends paid = NI – (Equity ratio)(Capital budget) $225,000 Dividend payout ratio = Dividends paid/NI 47. 37% | | | | Points Received:| 10 of 10 | | Comments:| | | | 2. | Question 😠 (TCO F) The following data applies to Saunders Corpora tion's convertible bonds: Maturity: 10 Stock price: $30. 00 Par value: $1,000. 00 Conversion price: $35. 00 Annual coupon: 5. 00% Straight-debt yield: 8. 00% What is the bond's conversion value? (a) $698. 15 (b) $734. 89 (c) $773. 57 (d) $814. 29 e) $857. 14 | | | Student Answer:|   | (e) $857. 14 Conversion ratio = Par value / Conversion Price= 28. 5714 =1000/35 Current share price= $30. 00 Therefore, conversion value of the bond= $857. 14 =28. 5714Ãâ€"30 |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: e Chapter 19: pp. 770-774 Conversion value = Conversion ratio x Market price of stock = $857. 14 | | | | Points Received:| 10 of 10 | | Comments:| | | | 3. | Question 😠 (TCO B) SA – Your firm has debt worth $350,000, with a yield of 12. 5 percent, and equity worth $700,000. It is growing at a  seven percent rate, and faces a 40 percent tax rate.A similar firm with no debt has a cost equity of 17 percent. Under the MM extension with growth, what is its cost of equity? ( a) 19. 25% (b) 21. 75% (c) 18. 0% (d) 17. 5% (e) 18. 4% | | | Student Answer:|   | | | Instructor Explanation:| A is correct. Instructor Explanation: M & M Extension with Growth – Section 26. 4 (pp. 1011-1015) rsL = rsU + (rsU – rd)(D/S) 19. 25% = 17% + (17%-12. 5%)(350,000/700,000)| | | | Points Received:| 10 of 20 | | Comments:| this is you emailed solution – 4. (TCO B) SA – Your firm has debt worth $350,000, with a yield of 12. 5 percent, and equity worth $700,000.It is growing at a seven percent rate, and faces a 40 percent tax rate. A similar firm with no debt has a cost equity of 17 percent. Under the MM extension with growth, what is its cost of equity? My answer is: (d) 17. 5% rsL = rsU + (rsU – rd)(D/S) 17. 5% = 15% + (15%-10%)(200,000/400,000 I am not sure where you got the 15% number for the rsU or the 200,000 for D or the 400,000 for S the calculations and formula are correct but you used all incorrect inputs so I will give you 1/2 cr edit A is correct. Instructor Explanation: M & M Extension with Growth – Section 26. (pp. 1011-1015) rsL = rsU + (rsU – rd)(D/S) 19. 25% = 17% + (17%-12. 5%)(350,000/700,000) | | | 4. | Question 😠 (TCO B) Firm L has debt with a market value of $200,000 and a yield of nine percent. The firm's equity has a market value of $300,000, its earnings are growing at a  five percent  rate, and its tax rate is 40 percent. A similar firm with no debt has a cost of equity of 12 percent. Under the MM extension with growth, what would Firm L's total value be if it had no debt? (a) $358,421 (b) $377,286 (c) $397,143 (d) $417,000 (e) $437,850 | | Student Answer:|   | (c) $397,143 VTotal = VU + VTS, so VU = VTotal – VTS = D + S – VTS. Value tax shelter = VTS = rdTD/(rsU – g) = 0. 09(0. 40)($200,000)/(0. 12 – 0. 05) = $102,857 VU = $300,000 + $200,000 – $102,857 = $397,143 |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: c Chapter 26, pp. 1011-1 015 Debt: $200,000 Equity: $300,000 rd: 9% rsU : 12% T: 40% g: 5% Firm L has a total value of $200,000 + $300,000 = $500,000. A similar firm with no debt should have a smaller valu(e) Here is the calculation: VTotal = VU + VTS, so VU = VTotal – VTS = D + S – VTS. Value tax shelter = VTS = rdTD/(rsU – g) = 0. 9(0. 40)($200,000)/(0. 12 – 0. 05) = $102,857 VU = $300,000 + $200,000 – $102,857 = $397,143 | | | | Points Received:| 20 of 20 | | Comments:| | | | 5. | Question 😠 (TCO A) Which of the following statements is CORRECT? (a) An option's value is determined by its exercise value, which is the market price of the stock less its striking price. Thus, an option can't sell for more than its exercise value. (b) As the stock’s price rises, the time value portion of an option on a stock increases because the difference between the price of the stock and the fixed strike price increases. c) Issuing options provides companies with a low cost method of raising capital. (d) The market value of an option depends in part on the option's time to maturity and also on the variability of the underlying stock's price. (e) The potential loss on an option decreases as the option sells at higher and higher prices because the profit margin gets bigger. | | | Student Answer:|   | (c) Issuing options provides companies with a low cost method of raising capital. |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: d Chapter 8, pp. 306-310 | | | | Points Received:| 0 of 20 | Comments:| Companies do not issue Options – they are a trading vehicle of the exchanges – no capital from options go to the firm | | | 6. | Question 😠 (TCO F) Suppose the December CBOT Treasury bond futures contract has a quoted price of 80-07. What is the implied annual interest rate inherent in the futures contract? Assume this contract is based on a 20 year Treasury bond with semi-annual interest payments. The face value of the bond is $1000, and th e semi-annual coupon payments are $30. The annual coupon rate on the bonds is $60 per bond (or 6%).The futures contract has 100 bonds. (a) 6. 86% (b) 7. 22% (c) 7. 60% (d) 8. 00% (e) 8. 40% | | | Student Answer:|   | (d) 8% Quote: 80’07 0. 80 0. 07 N: 40 PV = (0. 80+0. 07/32) ? $1,000 = -$802. 1875 FV = $1,000 PMT = $30 I/YR = 4. 00% Annual rate: I/YR ? 2 = 8. 00% |   | Instructor Explanation:| Answer is: d Chapter 23, pp. 917-923 Answer Detail: Quote: 80-07 0. 80 0. 07 N: 40 PV = (0. 80+0. 07/32) ? $1,000 = -$802. 1875 FV = $1,000 PMT = $30 I/YR = 4. 00% Annual rate: I/YR ? 2 = 8. 00% | | | | Points Received:| 20 of 20 | | Comments:| | | | | |

Change Essay

Change Essay All change has consequences. In Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg address 1863, John F. Kennedy’s 1961 Inaugural Speech 1963 and â€Å"Forgotten Jelly† by Megan Jacobson a story from the perspective of an overweight girl who is blinded by her attitude from her friend’s battle with anorexia, both the positive and negative consequences of change are explored. The effects of change are demonstrated in many different ways, however, they all attempt to convey a central aspect of change; that all change has ramifications.As highlighted in Lincoln’s Gettysburg address, he conveys to the audience that they must put aside their differences and instead draw on the heritage that they share. His phrase â€Å"our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation† unites the audience as they ponder their similarities with the South. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address also reflects on the history shared by all Americans as he attempts to unite th em behind the goal of world peace in the context of the Cold War â€Å"We are the heirs of the first revolution†¦ Let the word go forth that the torch has passed to a new generation of Americans†.This utilization of emotive language aims to unify of all America by provoking their natural patriotism. The greatest barrier to change can be our sense of self. Jacobson’s â€Å"Forgotten Jelly† explores this through the eyes of an overweight girl who fails to recognise the trauma her friend is going through. Jacobson employs hyperbole to convey to the reader how self-obsessed the narrator is. â€Å"Body quaking more than Tokyo† suggests that she wants to draw focus to herself. It also supports how badly damaged her self body image is.This is also explained by Lincoln when he invokes the â€Å"great civil war† America is engaged in, which he is not sure the nation can endure. Lincoln varies his sentences to emphasise the importance of the crossroads the nation is at and how they must look beyond themselves to a bigger picture. This notion is illuminated in his words â€Å"but in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate. † A united will can effect great change. In Kennedy’s Inaugural Address he knew he must inspire his people to enable them to help bring peace throughout the world.The United States was again at a crossroads with the Cold War at its height, Kennedy had become president by the narrowest of margins in history. His speech represents a turning point as nearly 75% of Americans expressed approval of Kennedy following his address. Kennedy immediately invoked both God and the shared heritage of the American citizens, to immediately unite his audience behind his call to unity as well as infusing his speech with a sense of higher purpose. I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed. † Similarly, Lincoln is the leader of a country at a critical point, the civil war ha s dragged on for several years. He invokes the Declaration of Independence the most sacred text in America to emphasise the fact that they must unite, before they destroy themselves. His reliance on inclusive language, specifically the word â€Å"we† which threads throughout the speech, binds the audience to a shared goal, it is as if the speaker in in effect all Americans.Lincoln also employs biblical referencing â€Å"fourscore and seven years ago†, the elegant ring of the biblical phrasing draws his audience to him as if he represents a form of higher power. Change can have both positive and negative consequences. This idea is conveyed in all three texts. Lincoln explains that the positive aspects will be that all men will be equal after the completion of the war. However, he also expresses regret that it has come to the point where people must give their lives so that everyone can be treated justly.This idea is underscored in the quote â€Å"All men are created eq ual†¦ those here gave their lives so that that nation may live. † Kennedy too notes that change has brought about many great endeavours as well as the â€Å"power to abolish all forms of human poverty. † He does express concern over that fact that mankind â€Å"has the power to abolish all forms of human life. † And Jacobson reflects on how the persona is now able to realise that she is not the centre of the universe, she is now able to help her friend in her darkest hour and become a better person for it. No-one noticed me†¦ I didn’t notice me. † This places in the spotlight the mental change she undertakes by employing repetition to highlight the fact. Change does not always come easily and can take time to accomplish. The complexity of change is emphasised by both Kennedy and Lincoln. Kennedy, whilst uniting his people behind him in a pledge for world peace explains that this change may not even happen in our lifetime. â€Å"This will n ot be finished in the first 100 days†¦ The first 1000 days†¦ Nor perhaps in our lifetime on the planet.But let us begin. † This draws his people in to him with the utilization of prepetition to illustrate the fact they can be world leaders. Lincoln conveys this message through the phrase â€Å"dedicated to the great task remaining before us† which employs high modality to illuminate that while they are dedicating this war cemetery to the dead. They must remember that their duty is to the living and fostering a better world for the future generations. Accordingly, change has consequences, both positive and negative.Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address that when resisted it can undermine national unity and indeed perpetuate war. Change can also be embraced positively not only by a certain group of people, but the whole world as represented in Kennedy’s Inaugural Address. Change can come without choice and lead to new insights, as revealed in Jacobsonâ€⠄¢s â€Å"Forgotten Jelly. † Change transforms, be it mental or physical, individual or universal it allows people to grow. Word count 1,131 By Jim Nash

Abuse Of The Innocent Essays - Animal Welfare, Cruelty To Animals

Abuse Of The Innocent Essays - Animal Welfare, Cruelty To Animals Abuse of the Innocent Is it right to force a mouse to live it's live in a laboratory cage to test anti-cancer drug? How would you like to be squeezed in a cage with many other animals, not being able to touch the grass, run around and play, smell the flowers, or go for a walk in the warmth of the sunshine? Animal cruelty is wrong because we are hurting the Innocent. Animals experience and feel pain, fear , anxiety, stress, depression, boredom, joy and happiness. Animals are very intelligent, some ever learn our own language. Most people experience their first bond with an animal. Not only do they bring a companion and a friend into our lives, but also unconditional love and comfort. Pet shops and puppy mills mass produce, kennels are overcrowded and dirty, with very little nutrition. Cats/dogs are held in metal cages and lead miserable lives breeding continuously. Animals suffer and are neglected, some are sold to research laboratories. A large number of animals are raised for slaughter each year. A cow "has a natural life span of twenty- five to thirty years, but only survives for an average of five".1 An estimated "seventeen million raccoons, beavers, bobcats, lynx, coyotes, muskrats, nutria, and other animals are trapped each year in the United States for fur".2 They suffer from unbearable pain for several hours before their lives are ended by the trapper's club. Is the price of live worth the price of fur? Psalm 104, 27-30. All creatures depend on you to feed them throughout the year: you provide the food they eat, with generous hands you satisfy their hunger. You turn your face away, they suffer. You stop their breath, they die and revert to dust. You give breath, fresh life begins, you keep renewing the world. Disections have been practiced in biology classes for many years. Critics accuse some teachers of killing and argue that disection teaches nothing but cruelty. Nothing is learned by cutting up an animal that cannot be learned from photographs or drawings. Children do not learn about the human body by killing and disecting a person, they learn from diagrams and textbooks. Vivisection means "cutting alive". It is a worldwide practice involving millions of animals. Scientists say that vivisections may not necessarily be painful. Every living being with a brain, spinal column, and central nervous system feels pain. Animals were not created for entertainment. What do zoos really teach children? The animals are stolen from their natural habitats and are brutally transferred. They suffer from boredom and have natural needs such as running, climbing, flying, and natural mating. All of the magic and glitter of the circus hides the true animal cruelty. Several animals are confined to small cages, muzzled, and repeatedly whipped in training. They are declawed, have their teeth removed, and drugged to be obedient. Military research on animals include monkeys, baboons, rats, guinea pigs, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, and mice. "... when I see my closest relative locked in a restraining box, his head filled with electrodes, and all he has got to reach out to you is with his eyes, then how can we respond to that if we close ours?".3 Weapons are tested on innocent animals, nerve gas, bullets, and bombs are all used. "One sad insight is gleaned from this statement, made by a Porton workman who lost his bearings: 'I thought I was ill, I thought I was seeing things. It was a little monkey enclosed In a glass cage. Its eyes seemed to be falling out and it couldn't breathe. It was in dreadful, dreadful distress. I forgot everything and went near it and said something to it, and it buried its head in it's arms and sobbed like a child. I never slept that night, and the next day managed to go back to the same room, but it was nearly finished by then. It had sunk to a little heap at the bottom of the glass cage.'."4 Animal cruelty is wrong, we are hurting the innocent. Cruelty of animals can be stopped, not only do we have to open our eyes, but open our mouths as well. Read a book, write a letter, join a group or start a group, either way, an animal will be grateful for the chance of a happy life. 656 End Notes 1. Loraine Kay, Living Without Cruelty, (London: Sidwick & Jackson, 1990), p.15. 2. Laura Fraser, The Animal

Interesting Facts About Asian Americans

Interesting Facts About Asian Americans The United States has recognized May as Asian-Pacific American Heritage Month since 1992. In honor of the cultural observance, the U.S. Census Bureau has compiled a series of facts about the Asian American community. How much do you know about the diverse groups that make up this community? Test your knowledge with federal government statistics that bring the Asian American population into focus.​ Asians Across America Asian Americans make up 17.3 million, or 5.6 percent, of the U.S. population. Most Asian Americans reside in California, home to 5.6 million of this racial group. New York comes in next with 1.6 million Asian Americans. Hawaii, however, has the largest share of Asian Americans- 57 percent. The Asian American growth rate was higher than any other racial group from 2000 to 2010, according to the census. During that time, the Asian American population grew by 46 percent. Diversity in Numbers A wide range of ethnic groups makes up the Asian-Pacific American population. Chinese Americans stand out as the largest Asian ethnic group in the U.S with a population of 3.8 million. Filipinos come in second with 3.4 million. Indians (3.2 million), Vietnamese (1.7 million), Koreans (1.7 million) and Japanese (1.3 million) round out the major Asian ethnic groups in the U.S. Asian languages spoken in the U.S. mirror this trend. Nearly 3 million Americans speak Chinese (second to Spanish as the most popular non-English language in the U.S.). More than 1 million Americans speak Tagalog, Vietnamese and Korean, according to the census. Wealth Among Asian-Pacific Americans Household income among the Asian-Pacific American community varies widely. On average, those who identify as Asian American take in $67,022 yearly. But the Census Bureau found that income rates depend on the Asian group in question. While Indian Americans have a household income of $90,711, Bangladeshis bring in significantly less- $48,471 yearly. Moreover, those Americans who identify specifically as Pacific Islanders have household incomes of $52,776. Poverty rates also vary. The Asian American poverty rate is 12 percent, while the Pacific Islander poverty rate is 18.8 percent. Educational Attainment Among the APA Population An analysis of educational attainment among the Asian-Pacific American population reveals intra-racial disparities as well. While there’s no major difference between Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in high school graduation rates- 85 percent of the former and 87 percent of the latter have high school diplomas- there’s a huge gap in college graduation rates. Fifty percent of Asian Americans age 25 and up have graduated from college, nearly double the U.S. average of 28 percent. However, just 15 percent of Pacific Islanders have bachelor’s degrees. Asian Americans also outpace the general U.S. population and Pacific Islanders where graduate degrees are concerned. Twenty percent of Asian Americans age 25 and up have graduate degrees, compared to 10 percent of the general U.S. population and just four percent of Pacific Islanders. Advances in Business Both Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have made headway in the business sector in recent years. Asian Americans owned 1.5 million U.S. businesses in 2007, a 40.4 percent rise from 2002. The number of businesses owned by Pacific Islanders also grew. In 2007, this population owned 37,687 businesses, a jump of 30.2 percent from 2002. Hawaii boasts the largest percentage of businesses started by people of both Asian American and Pacific Islander heritage. Hawaii is home to 47 percent of businesses owned by Asian Americans and nine percent of business owned by Pacific Islanders. Military Service Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders both have a long history of serving in the military. Historians have noted their exemplary service during World War II, when individuals of Japanese American heritage were vilified after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Today, there are 265,200 Asian American military veterans, a third of whom are age 65 and up. There are currently 27,800 military veterans of Pacific Islander background. Approximately 20 percent of such veterans are 65 and up. These numbers reveal that while Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have historically served in the armed forces, younger generations of the APA community continue to fight for their country.

Social Work Nursing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Work Nursing - Case Study Example Nursing is a profession which really teaches you beside other professional knowledge as to how to become more patient and serve the humanity with all your heart and soul. It not only provides you a chance to be more caring and considerate but also give you an opportunity to grow as a person. Further Nursing as a profession has evolved over the period of time and has now emerged one of the highly respectable and demanding professions of the world. With these aims in my mind, I chose to consider nursing as my professionNursing, as a profession, need to have a balanced view where the new entrants into the profession must also know about the academic knowledge of their profession however, they must possess the knowledge of the practical realities of the profession also. However, this can only be done if people who train them should have practical as well as academic knowledge.Since mental health is also related with the psychology of a person therefore I believe this aspect of the profes sion has also allowed me to consider this as a profession which is worthwhile to be pursued. It is believed the psychology emerged on its modern footings almost a century ago however its influence is still considered to be current in terms of its impact on the overall sciences related with mental and physical health of a person. What was most fascinating about this emergence of the psychology is the fact that it had radically changed the way we use to perceive and view life at large. However no science can play a constructive and positive role in society until and unless it is not ethically practiced. It also must be noted that traditionally psychologists have relied on the principles of value avoiding and value neutral model where it was believed that in order to get the truth- the truth about the person, moral values could not be taken into account. (Lowen, 1993). One of the most important reasons that I wish to study to study for this profession is the fact that it provides a very accurate and true picture of how a person evolve over the period of time. Every person’s life carries a distinct plot, a different set of characteristics which distinguish each of us from others. (Hockbury, 1996,375). It is important in the sense that it provides you a better look at how the life unfolds itself and how we as professionals can contribute towards the overall

Legal Aspects of Business - Law of Contract Assignment

Legal Aspects of Business - Law of Contract - Assignment Example The first and foremost thing essential for the formation of an agreement and then a contract is an offer. Offer indicates one’s willingness to do something or abstain from doing something with an intention to obtain the assent of the other. This proposal is meant for entering into a legally binding agreement. Acceptance means the approval of the other party to whom the offer has been made. In the given assignment, John is the ‘offeror’ and Kathryn is the acceptor. The offer of John to sell a brand I-Mobile for â‚ ¬300 was accepted by Kathryn though with certain changes in the actual offer. Another essential element of a valid agreement and contract is the proper communication regarding offer and acceptance. As Miller and Gentz (2010, 208) point out, two parties can enter into an agreement only through the communication of the proposal or offer and its acceptance. Such a proposal made by one party to the other is called an offer. Once the other party to whom the offer is given accepts it, it becomes a promise. Acceptance is the consent of the other party to the invitation of the first party to do something or abstain from doing something (ibid). An assent or consent to the offer is termed as an acceptance. To make the communication of offer and acceptance more meaningful, the parties in a contract must have agreed upon the subject matter of the contract in the same sense and in the same manner (ibid). A mere mental resolve on the part of the offeree to accept the offer does not amount to acceptance due to lack of manifestation of the intension to do so. There should be an oral or written communication between the offeror and the acceptor regarding the acceptance or denial of the same. Here, no such offer has been made by John to Kathryn. What John has made is just a statement that he is ready to sell his last year model mobile phone

Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Technology - Essay Example Once a computer falls into the bonet, it tends to perform in a slower manner (Leigh 2006). Protocols and Systems that Attackers use today to Control and Update Botnets Communication Protocols of Botnets. A wide number of distinct system connections of protocols are controlled by botnets. These include HTTP, IM, IRC and P2P protocols. These procedures help in communication or avail the source of the botnet and as well as the software equipments that can be utilized in the botnet. Control and Command Techniques (C and C). Immediately the malware of the bot enters to the affected machines, the bot controller or master takes the initiative of discovering the given network of affected machinery; this happens by a given method of communique to perform the desired procedure. A solitary and straightforward process of conveying messages amongst the affected networks and their controllers is kept by powering an express communication connection. On the other hand, this nonstop connection is abl e to position the bot controller with much ease, hence that method of sending messages is neglected so much. In their place, a number of well thought-out control words as well as systematized procedure known as C and C (Command and Control) techniques are made to make the botnets active distantly. The contact connecting the C and C machinery and bots appears to be the feeblest linkage within the bonet but without it, the prey obscure doesn’t perform like a harmonized system (Song 2010). The two various categories of C and C used by attackers to control and update bonnets today include; Control technique and Centralized Command With the C and C method, it makes use of a high and essential bandwidth horde known as the Command and Control server for forwarding data among a variety of affected computers. The given Command and Control server in the specified botnet could be a negotiated machine which manages a given set of the services of the network like HTTP and IRC, and many mo re, further more, it assembles the instructions given from the bot controller or master to every horde within that botnet which connect the Command and Control server canal. The Botnets make use of a variety of devices to defend their connections. This involves the utilization of protected passwords which are made by the bot controllers. The centralized Command and Control server is mainly the principal Command and Control technique. Nowadays, the majority of attackers use the centralized Command and Control, due to its capability of great productivity and it’s simply reachable (Husain 2008). Peer 2 Peer Command and Control (C and C) Technique The peer to peer Command and Control system makes use of a Peer to Peer communication without a specific mid server to frontward the packet messages in between the botnets, this is as a result making the P2P technique more tough to any breakdown within the given system. However, this classification is fairly rough to establish as well a s terminate, even though one or more bots may be disengaged, it has no effect upon the functioning within a bonnet (Brian 2008). Q. 2 Secured Evidence of 3-DES and RSA 3-DES and RSA are mutually convention procedures which are applied in the encryption of data. Workstation set-ups function within such a manner that, data packets